我们引入了一种新型技术和相关的高分辨率数据集，旨在精确评估基于无线信号的室内定位算法。该技术实现了基于增强的现实（AR）定位系统，该系统用于注释具有高精度位置数据的无线信号参数数据样本。我们在装饰有AR标记的区域中跟踪实用且低成本的可导航相机设置和蓝牙低能（BLE）信标的位置。我们通过使用冗余数字标记来最大程度地提高基于AR的本地化的性能。相机捕获的视频流经过一系列标记识别，子集选择和过滤操作，以产生高度精确的姿势估计。我们的结果表明，我们可以将AR定位系统的位置误差降低到0.05米以下的速率。然后，将位置数据用于注释BLE数据，这些数据由驻扎在环境中的传感器同时捕获，因此，构建具有接地真相的无线信号数据集，该数据集允许准确评估基于无线信号的本地化系统。

分发班次的稳健性对于部署现实世界中的机器学习模型至关重要。尽管如此必要的，但在定义导致这些变化的潜在机制以及评估跨多个不同的分发班次的稳健性的潜在机制很少。为此，我们介绍了一种框架，可实现各种分布换档的细粒度分析。我们通过评估在合成和现实世界数据集中分为五个类别的19个不同的方法来提供对当前最先进的方法的整体分析。总的来说，我们训练超过85架模型。我们的实验框架可以很容易地扩展到包括新方法，班次和数据集。我们发现，与以前的工作〜\ citep {gulrajani20}不同，该进度已经通过标准的ERM基线进行;特别是，在许多情况下，预先训练和增强（学习或启发式）提供了大的收益。但是，最好的方法在不同的数据集和班次上不一致。

在测试时间进行优化的自适应防御能力有望改善对抗性鲁棒性。我们对这种自适应测试时间防御措施进行分类，解释其潜在的好处和缺点，并评估图像分类的最新自适应防御能力的代表性。不幸的是，经过我们仔细的案例研究评估时，没有任何显着改善静态防御。有些甚至削弱了基本静态模型，同时增加了推理计算。尽管这些结果令人失望，但我们仍然认为自适应测试时间防御措施是一项有希望的研究途径，因此，我们为他们的彻底评估提供了建议。我们扩展了Carlini等人的清单。（2019年）通过提供针对自适应防御的具体步骤。

最近的工作表明，当AI的预测不可靠时，可以学会推迟人类的选择性预测系统的潜在好处，特别是提高医疗保健等高赌注应用中AI系统的可靠性。然而，大多数事先工作假定当他们解决预测任务时，人类行为仍然保持不变，作为人类艾队团队的一部分而不是自己。我们表明，通过执行实验来规定在选择性预测的背景下量化人AI相互作用的实验并非如此。特别是，我们研究将不同类型信息传送给人类的影响，了解AI系统的决定推迟。使用现实世界的保护数据和选择性预测系统，可以在单独工作的人体或AI系统上提高预期准确性，我们表明，这种消息传递对人类判断的准确性产生了重大影响。我们的结果研究了消息传递策略的两个组成部分：1）人类是否被告知AI系统的预测和2）是否被告知选择性预测系统的决定推迟。通过操纵这些消息传递组件，我们表明，通过通知人类推迟的决定，可以显着提高人类的性能，但不透露对AI的预测。因此，我们表明，考虑在设计选择性预测系统时如何传送到人类的决定是至关重要的，并且必须使用循环框架仔细评估人类-AI团队的复合精度。

Variational inference uses optimization, rather than integration, to approximate the marginal likelihood, and thereby the posterior, in a Bayesian model. Thanks to advances in computational scalability made in the last decade, variational inference is now the preferred choice for many high-dimensional models and large datasets. This tutorial introduces variational inference from the parametric perspective that dominates these recent developments, in contrast to the mean-field perspective commonly found in other introductory texts.

Knowledge graphs (KG) have served as the key component of various natural language processing applications. Commonsense knowledge graphs (CKG) are a special type of KG, where entities and relations are composed of free-form text. However, previous works in KG completion and CKG completion suffer from long-tail relations and newly-added relations which do not have many know triples for training. In light of this, few-shot KG completion (FKGC), which requires the strengths of graph representation learning and few-shot learning, has been proposed to challenge the problem of limited annotated data. In this paper, we comprehensively survey previous attempts on such tasks in the form of a series of methods and applications. Specifically, we first introduce FKGC challenges, commonly used KGs, and CKGs. Then we systematically categorize and summarize existing works in terms of the type of KGs and the methods. Finally, we present applications of FKGC models on prediction tasks in different areas and share our thoughts on future research directions of FKGC.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation is a promising task freeing people from heavy annotation work. However, domain discrepancies in low-level image statistics and high-level contexts compromise the segmentation performance over the target domain. A key idea to tackle this problem is to perform both image-level and feature-level adaptation jointly. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such unified approaches for UDA tasks in the existing literature. This paper proposes a novel UDA pipeline for semantic segmentation that unifies image-level and feature-level adaptation. Concretely, for image-level domain shifts, we propose a global photometric alignment module and a global texture alignment module that align images in the source and target domains in terms of image-level properties. For feature-level domain shifts, we perform global manifold alignment by projecting pixel features from both domains onto the feature manifold of the source domain; and we further regularize category centers in the source domain through a category-oriented triplet loss and perform target domain consistency regularization over augmented target domain images. Experimental results demonstrate that our pipeline significantly outperforms previous methods. In the commonly tested GTA5$\rightarrow$Cityscapes task, our proposed method using Deeplab V3+ as the backbone surpasses previous SOTA by 8%, achieving 58.2% in mIoU.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

The performance of inertial navigation systems is largely dependent on the stable flow of external measurements and information to guarantee continuous filter updates and bind the inertial solution drift. Platforms in different operational environments may be prevented at some point from receiving external measurements, thus exposing their navigation solution to drift. Over the years, a wide variety of works have been proposed to overcome this shortcoming, by exploiting knowledge of the system current conditions and turning it into an applicable source of information to update the navigation filter. This paper aims to provide an extensive survey of information aided navigation, broadly classified into direct, indirect, and model aiding. Each approach is described by the notable works that implemented its concept, use cases, relevant state updates, and their corresponding measurement models. By matching the appropriate constraint to a given scenario, one will be able to improve the navigation solution accuracy, compensate for the lost information, and uncover certain internal states, that would otherwise remain unobservable.